{"id":4027,"date":"2021-04-30T21:24:28","date_gmt":"2021-04-30T21:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/?p=4027"},"modified":"2021-05-03T20:31:38","modified_gmt":"2021-05-03T20:31:38","slug":"the-canadian-climate-model-canesm5-running-hot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/2021\/04\/30\/the-canadian-climate-model-canesm5-running-hot\/","title":{"rendered":"The Canadian Climate Model, CanESM5: Running Hot"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Researchers worldwide, have been trying to develop mathematical models of the climate in order to predict future climate trends. These predictions are in turn used by bureaucrats and politicians to develop climate policy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to facilitate the comparison of the performance of various models, a common infrastructure for collecting, organizing, and distributing output from models performing common sets of experiments has been created. Called the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wcrp-climate.org\/wgcm-cmip\" target=\"_blank\">Coupled Model Intercomparison Project<\/a> or CMIP, it is currently in its sixth version or phase, CMIP6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When models are run and compared to measured satellite temperature data which is the most accurate, almost all models exceed the observed data by as much as a degree. Dr. Roy Spencer is principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and publishes the satellite data shown in Figure 1. Because monthly data is so variable or &#8216;noisy&#8217;, a 13-month running average is used (red line) to indicate temperature trend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drroyspencer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/UAH_LT_1979_thru_April_2021_v6-550x317.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption> Figure 1.  The vertical axis is the temperature anomaly in degrees C. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drroyspencer.com\/latest-global-temperatures\/\" target=\"_blank\">Roy Spencer<\/a>. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>He recently ran 68 simulations from 13 models using CMIP6 parameters and data. For the results shown in Figure 2, all except one ran hotter than the observed satellite data (the solid  black line).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CLI-68-models-vs-obs-1979-2021-oceans-Fig01-550x413-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4039\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CLI-68-models-vs-obs-1979-2021-oceans-Fig01-550x413-1.jpg 550w, https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CLI-68-models-vs-obs-1979-2021-oceans-Fig01-550x413-1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><figcaption> Figure 2. The vertical axis is the temperature anomaly in degrees C. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.drroyspencer.com\/2021\/04\/an-earth-day-reminder-global-warming-is-only-50-of-what-models-predict\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Roy Spencer<\/a>. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p> Dr. John R. Christy who works with Roy Spencer, has run 40 models with the current CMIP6 parameters, shown in Figure 3. The red arrow points to the Canadian model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CLI-CMIP6-models.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4041\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CLI-CMIP6-models.png 827w, https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CLI-CMIP6-models-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CLI-CMIP6-models-768x564.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 3.  The vertical axis is the temperature anomaly in degrees C. Models for AR6 still fail to reproduce trends in tropical troposphere. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/clintel.org\/new-presentation-by-john-christy-models-for-ar6-still-fail-to-reproduce-trends-in-tropical-troposphere\/\" target=\"_blank\">Clintel. New presentation by John R. Christy<\/a>. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Canadian Model<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>CanESM5 is a climate model developed in Canada<sup>[1][6]<\/sup>. As the developers state, the<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) is a global model developed to simulate historical climate change and variability, to make centennial-scale projections of future climate, and to produce initialized seasonal and decadal predictions.<\/p><cite>Swart et al (2019)<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>CO<sub>2<\/sub> is a dominant parameter in their model. Its sensitivity to  CO<sub>2<\/sub> is higher than any other of 40  models tested with CMIP6 parameters &#8211; see Figure 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-CO2-Sensitivity.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4019\" width=\"780\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-CO2-Sensitivity.jpg 780w, https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-CO2-Sensitivity-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-CO2-Sensitivity-768x429.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><figcaption> <br> Figure 4. Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) to CO<sub>2<\/sub> forcing in 40 climate models under CMIP6. Source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/cmip6-the-next-generation-of-climate-models-explained\" target=\"_blank\">CarbonBrief<\/a><sup>[3]<\/sup>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>An Australian Study<sup>[2]<\/sup> found that of 24 models compared using CMIP6, the Canadian model, CanESM5,  had the highest global mean additive error as shown in Figure 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"494\" src=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-Alejandro-Additive-errors-1024x494-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4013\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-Alejandro-Additive-errors-1024x494-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-Alejandro-Additive-errors-1024x494-1-300x145.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-Alejandro-Additive-errors-1024x494-1-768x371.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 5. Global\u2010mean additive errors (full bar) for individual CMIP5 (left) and CMIP6 (right) models. The fractions of the total error by individual components are shown in colour. They are: ATR, the annual temperature range; DTR, the diurnal temperature range; SeaTA, the seasonal temperature anomaly; SynTA, the synoptic temperature anomaly; and TNn, the cold minimum temperature extreme. Source: Stone (2020)<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>When temperature predictions are compared under CMIP6, the Canadian model is found to run hottest &#8211; see Figures 3, 6,and 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-fec8db49-270a-4f52-8a85-8bba690db034\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-CMIP6-models-2.png\" alt=\"This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is CLI-CMIP6-models-2.png\"\/><figcaption>Figure 6. Vertical axis is ECS in degrees Kelvin. WCRP <a href=\"https:\/\/cmip6workshop19.sciencesconf.org\/data\/CMIP6_CMIP6AnalysisWorkshop_Barcelona_190325_FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CMIP workshop<\/a><sup>[4]<\/sup>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-ad1d2cbd-ef92-4888-8292-442079367c46\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-CMIP6-models-3.png\" alt=\"This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is CLI-CMIP6-models-3.png\"\/><figcaption><br>Figure 7. Canadian model, red arrow, running hottest. Source: Clintel. New presentation by John R. Christy:<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ac089cbf-947e-4f8d-be56-9fef6906c198\">One final area where CanESM5 is an outlier is in estimates of precipitation over the Indo-Pacific (MC) region. The actual observations are measured by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 Version 7 (TRMM). The performances of the CMIP6 models are arranged about the TRMM value as mean and plotted, in Figure 8, to show their deviation from the observed (mean) value. In this case, CanESM5 is second lowest &#8211; farthest deviation from actual values &#8211; in each of CMIP5 (blue arrow) and CMIP6 (red arrow) runs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-87212385-fa66-4d65-8cd4-482c8d98bdc3\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/CLI-CMIP6-MC-precip.png\" alt=\"This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is CLI-CMIP6-MC-precip.png\"\/><figcaption>Figure 8. Bar graph of MC propagation metric for TRMM, CMORPH, ERA5 of 1998\u20132017, ERA5 of 1985\u20132004, 30 CMIP5 mean, 34 CMIP6 mean, and each individual model. The vertical lines on the multimodel means indicate the intermodel spread of the model group obtained as one standard deviation. Source: Ahn et al (2020)<sup>[5]<\/sup>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-2ec13c5f-b50d-465f-94a2-43983f8738ce\">In conclusion, the Canadian climate model, CanESM5, is the most extreme of all current models and forecasts the highest temperature anomalies. This make it the most inaccurate of available models but an excellent tool for creating policy around the climate catastrophe meme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-cc885655-61ce-4b94-a8c0-17f40537f98f\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-e494b34e-7ad4-48e3-a594-bc8e2b7e2b7c\"><li>Swart NC, Cole JNS, Kharin VV, et al. The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5.0.3). <em>Geosci. Model Dev.<\/em>, 12, 4823\u20134873, 2019. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-12-4823-2019\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-12-4823-2019<\/a>.<\/li><li>Stone A. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/climateextremes.org.au\/research-brief-decomposing-temperature-extremes-errors-in-cmip5-and-cmip6-models\/\" target=\"_blank\">Research brief: Decomposing temperature extremes errors in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models<\/a>. <em>ARC CLEx<\/em>. July 24, 2020.<\/li><li>Hausfather Z. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/cmip6-the-next-generation-of-climate-models-explained\" target=\"_blank\">CMIP6: the next generation of climate models explained<\/a>. <em>CarbonBrief<\/em>. December 02, 2019.<\/li><li>Eyring V, Flato G, Lamarque J-F, et al. Status of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and Goals of the Workshop. <em>WCRP<\/em>. March 25, 2019. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cmip6workshop19.sciencesconf.org\/data\/CMIP6_CMIP6AnalysisWorkshop_Barcelona_190325_FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">PDF<\/a>.<\/li><li>Ahn M-S, Kim D, Kang D, et al. MJO Propagation Across the Maritime Continent: Are CMIP6 Models Better Than CMIP5 Models? AGU. May10, 2020. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020GL087250\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020GL087250<\/a>.<\/li><li>McKitrick R and Christy J. A Test of the Tropical 200\u2010 to 300\u2010hPa Warming Rate in Climate Models. <em>AGU<\/em>. July 06, 2018. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018EA000401\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018EA000401<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers worldwide, have been trying to develop mathematical models of the climate in order to predict future climate trends. These predictions are in turn used by bureaucrats and politicians to develop climate policy. In order to facilitate the comparison of the performance of various models, a common infrastructure for collecting, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[167],"tags":[165,166],"class_list":["post-4027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate","tag-canesm5","tag-climate-models"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4027"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4056,"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4027\/revisions\/4056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepoog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}